英文表达“谁更胜一筹”
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好吧,最近开始看韩老师的新书《游记小品文》,有时间分享一下学习笔记。
英文表达“谁更胜一筹”
“如果说其他的购物中心展示的商品注重实用性的话，那么在这里设计感则更胜一筹。空旷的空间里到处都摆着如梦如幻的大型装置艺术作品。”这句话摘自这本书第一章第四节，对应的英文译文是：
Unlike showpieces in other shopping centers, design trumps usefulness in this cavernous space bursting with mesmerizing, large-scale art installations.
中文比较长，英文没有按照中文“如果说…的话，那么……”翻译成if结构，而用一个unlike进行对比，主句用一个动词trump， “设计感”PK“实用性”，“设计感”胜。译文又将中文“空旷的空间里到处都摆着……”与前一句的“在这里”合并翻译，译文很干净简洁。这句译文里，我想，最值得学习的是动词trump的处理，让这句译文非常干净利落的感觉。在下佩服，献上我的膝盖。
trump：to do better than someone else in a situation when people are competing with each other赢，胜过，打败。经济学人文章“Google runs into more flak on artificial intelligence谷歌在人工智能领域遭遇更多抨击”第一段第一句话就有trump的这个用法：Discovering and harnessing fire unlocked more nutrition from food, feeding the bigger brains and bodies that are the hallmarks of modern humans. Google’s chief executive, Sundar Pichai, thinks his company’s development of artificial intelligence trumps that. “AI is one of the most important things that humanity is working on,” he told an event in California earlier this year. “It’s more profound than, I don’t know, electricity or fire.”火的发现和利用让人类从食物中获得了更多的营养，这造就了现代人类更强大的大脑和身体。谷歌的首席执行官桑达尔·皮查伊（Sundar Pichai）认为，谷歌人工智能（AI）的开发比火的意义还要大。“AI是人类正在做的最重要的事情之一，”今年早些时候他在加州的一次活动上说，“我猜，它的影响比电或火更加深远。”
可以表达类似含义的词还有：
outshine：to be better or more impressive than someone or something else使逊色、高人一筹。out-作为前缀时就有“超过、胜过”的含义，相似的构成词还有outdo，outrun，outperform，outweigh；例如，去年外媒对《我不是药神》和《阿修罗》两部电影的剧情与上映情况是这样描述的：A low-budget movie about a sensitive social theme outshines a state-approved spectacular.
overshadow：to make sb/sth seem less important, or successful 使显得逊色；使黯然失色eclipse：to become more important, powerful, famous etc than someone or something else, so that they are no longer noticed使失色，盖过一篇关于中国航空公司发展的文章献上了一个例句：It is natural to expect China’s carriers to eclipse those from the Gulf, says Will Horton of CAPA, a consultancy. 咨询机构亚太航空中心（CAPA）的威尔·霍顿（Will Horton）表示，人们很自然地会认为中国航空公司将赶超其海湾同行。
dwarf：to make sth seem small or unimportant compared with sth else 使显得矮小；使相形见绌今年3月的一篇经济学人文章“Technology firms stampede to woo the energy industry科技公司争先恐后地争取能源产业的垂青”有个例句： For all of Silicon Valley’s professed support for clean power over fossil fuels, the energy industry represents a huge opportunity. Oil companies’ valuations are dwarfed by tech firms’, but their coffers remain deep. 尽管硅谷声称自己倡导的是清洁电能而不是化石燃料，但能源产业蕴藏着巨大的商机。石油公司的估值远不及科技公司，但它们的钱袋子始终是鼓鼓的。
put to shame:使自愧不如《英译中国现代散文选》有一篇名为“耐力”的优美散文：
“骆驼不会像马那样奔驰，鸽子也不像海燕那样遨游。但鸽子和骆驼相比，同样都有耐力。它们的耐力是坚强的，漫卷的黄沙和凶猛的台风在它们面前，都为之失色……”The camel cannot run as fast as the horse, the pigeon cannot fly with as much agility as the petrel. But both camel and pigeon are hardy. Their endurance is such as to put to shameboth the raging sandstorm and the violent typhoon.这里的put to shame就可以解释为“使……黯然失色”、“胜过……”
初级一点的还有：
be superior tosurpass: to do or be better than sb/sth 超过；胜过；优于例如，scenery of surpassing beauty 无比优美的景色beat： to be much better and more enjoyable than something elseexcel：to do something very well, or much better than most people优于，擅长；胜过他人If you wished to gain his favor you should have said that in your opinion he excelled Voltaire.如果你希望博得他青睐的话，就该说你认为他比伏尔泰更胜一筹。只要能表达跟“更胜一筹”相似含义的中文，例如青出于蓝、高人一筹、棋高一着，都可以根据语境选择上面的用词。
一个硬币的两面
说了“更胜一筹”，那就说说“略逊一筹”相似的含义。借用韩老师的话来说，“名词皆可主”，A比B更胜一筹，那么B可不就比A略逊一筹了吗。
处于下风/劣势 at a disadvantage比不过 be inferior to； unable to rival / compete with无法匹敌 not equal / fail to matchpale beside / next to sth | pale in comparison with: to seem less important when compared with sth else 相形见绌；显得逊色
以上。