雅思考试想从小作文上拿高分 那么你需要了解这一点

要说雅思考试中哪个part是最容易赚分的，当属小作文莫属了。比起大作文的多样性和灵活性，小作文简直充满了套路。

前面分享过如果写小作文的开头和结尾，即summarize the main features，今天要跟大家分享如何展现你的比较意识，即make comparisons.

首先，我们要找到哪里需要我们作比较，哪些数据是题目中的relevant？数据图可以分为静态图和动态图，我们就以这个分类来进行分析。

静态图的比较相对简单，就是同一时间内不同图例之间的数字进行大小比较，需要注意的是，比较要从多方面进行展开以保证答案全面。

下面图表是《剑7》中，test1的表格题↓

这个表格就可以通过两个角度展开进行数据比较：一是纵向展开，在同一种类下，各个国家的消费比例进行数据大小比较；二是横向展开，比较对某一国家而言，消费者在各个方面的消费比例。

而在写动态图时，要重点关注图例和图例间的比较！很多烤鸭写着写着就会把小作文的重点偏向某一特定图例的变化细节上，而忽略了整体，把到时候的分数拱手送人了。以《剑9》test4为例↓

“Consumption of energy derived from natural gas and coal is similar over the period. From 20q and 15q respectively in 1980, gas showed an initial fall and coal a gradual increase, with the two fuels equal between 1985 and 1990. Consumption has fluctuated since 1990 but both now provide 24q. Coal is predicted to increase steadily to 31q in 2030, whereas after 2014, gas will remain stable at 25q. ”

这是考官范文的节选，可以看出这段话中充满了图例之间的各种比较。但动态图不只有动态比较，还有静态比较！很多考官会把起始值单独列出来做静态比较，或者再总结时比较数据的大小特征。

还是《剑7》，test2的考官范文就在开始描述变化趋势之前，先进行了一段起始值的静态比较：

“In 1979 beef was by far the most popular of these foods, with about 225 grams consumed per person per week. Lamb and chicken were eaten in similar quantities (around 150 grams), while much less fish was consumed (just over 50 grams). ”

找到要比较的位置后，我们要学会如何比较？接下来给大家分享几种常见套路：

1、最高级

比较最值是小作文中常见的套路，这里就要用到一些最高级的表达：

It is clear that the largest proportion of consumer spending in each country went on food, drinks and tobacco. On the other hand, the leisure and education category saw the lowest percentages.

2、比较级

在比较两个图例之间关系的时候，不少烤鸭们可能只是罗列了两个数据，但二者之间并不存在比较关系，这样写也是比较吃亏的，如：

In 1993, the percentage of unemployed English living outside London was 18%, but the figure for those living in the capital was 22%.

进阶版写法：

In 1993, the percentage of unemployed English living outside London was 18%, but the figure for those living in the capital was 5% higher, at 22%.

3. 表比较的衔接词

烤鸭们在写小作文的时候，不要只顾着展现自己的比较意识，文章整体的结构还是很重要的。当你既想表示二者比较，又想使上下文衔接得更自然时，可以试着用下面这些连接词：

表示相似或相同时，用“Similarly, +句子.”

表示相反或相异时，用“In/By contrast,+句子.”，或者“while/ whereas” 连接两个句子表对比

e.g. Acid rain gases from the domestic sector and other industries fell gradually. In contrast, the transport sector saw a small increase in emissions.

The cost of an average home in Madrid rose by a further 2%, while prices in Frankfurt remained stable.

4. 倍数/分数比较

e.g. In Ireland, waste production increased more than eightfold, from only 0.6 million tonnes in 1980 to 5 million tonnes in 2000.

e.g. Those who never dined in them and who dined in them every day accounted for less than a tenth of all people in the USA.