2022年1月浙江高考英语卷阅读 知识运用真题及解析
昨天天学网教研中心带来了浙江高考英语卷听力部分的解析，今天我们继续看阅读部分考了哪些内容。天学网教研中心已经为大家整理好了，一起来看看吧。
试题总体特点
2020年浙江新高考英语试卷笔试部分紧扣《课程标准》和《考试大纲》，试题设置科学严谨，深入浅出，注重对考生语言能力、思维品质、文化意识和学习能力的考核，具有较高的信度、效度和必要的区分度。试题以英语学科听、说、读、写四项关键能力为重心，突出交际、思辨和学习的学科素养导向。通过选择难度合适且与考生日常学习生活息息相关的语篇，将思维品质培养、人际关系和谐、社会责任担当等具有鲜明时代特征的理念融入到语言能力考查中，尤其注重对学生思维能力和文化意识的考查。整套试卷非常好地考查了考生的语言能力，特别是在语境中发现问题，解决问题的能力，突出了语篇意识和对学习能力的考查。
1、语篇主题明确、体裁多样
2020年浙江新高考英语试卷笔试部分（第二、三部分）试题选材特色明显，所有语篇紧密围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题进行选材，题材广泛，体裁多样，全面考查考生的英语综合运用能力。所选文章说明文居多。文章选材内容丰富、时代性强，贴近学生生活，考查能力全面，全面关注学生的核心素养，充分体现高考坚持立德树人，发展素质教育的功能。
2、试题难度适中、设置合理
2020年浙江新高考英语试卷笔试部分（第二、三部分）试题难度适中，侧重考查考生英语语言知识的综合运用能力。题设方式比较多元，设问方式新颖，试题难度适中，稳步提升试题命制质量。
3、试卷结构稳定、题目多样化
2020年浙江新高考英语试卷笔试部分（第二、三部分）结构保持稳定，体现基础性、应用性和创新性的考查要求。试卷所采用语篇材料的难度水平呈阶梯分布，材料难度与往年基本持平。题目类型多样化且难易搭配合理，考查要点覆盖面广，试卷中难、较难、较易和容易各难度层级试题比例进一步优化。
试题亮点：重视学科素养、凸显高考育人功能
（1）重视思维品质培养
阅读理解B篇介绍了运用奶酪制造过程中的废物来融化路面结冰的新型环保方法，鼓励考生开发创新思维，培养实际生活技能。该语篇对于启发与培养考生良好思维品质有积极的引导作用。
（2）渗透育人理念，强化高考育人功能和价值导向
阅读理解A篇通过讲述作者在图书馆借阅图书的经历，表达了作者和妈妈对读书的热爱，鼓励学生培养良好的学习习惯，树立终身学习的理念与意识。
阅读理解B篇通过与传统的石盐融化路面结冰方法的对比，阐述新型的奶酪盐水融化路面结冰的利与弊。该语篇引导考生在理解文章内容的基础上关注人类命运共同体，强化环境保护和社会责任意识，促进人与自然和谐共处与可持续性发展。
阅读理解C篇阐述了有关父亲对培养孩子毅力影响的研究，倡导学生通过历练获得坚强的毅力，提升综合素质，以适应社会的发展，体现个人的价值。
完形填空语篇通过讲述作者儿时摔倒后自己站起来的经历，引发了作者和妈妈对追求目标的思考：积极面对困难，挫折是成功路上的财富。该语篇有助于鼓励学生保持积极的生活态度，树立积极的人生观，培养积极的生活品格。
试题分析
第二部分 阅读理解
本部分分为两小节，第一节包括三篇阅读材料，题材涉及热爱读书、新型路面结冰融化方法及父亲对孩子毅力培养影响的研究。与往年相比，今年的阅读理解出现了设问与选项设置新颖的题目：B篇26题，该题需要学生在理解原文内容及选项含义的基础上，结合生活实际方可选出正确选项，该题难度较大，考查学生对语篇的理解与迁移应用能力。A篇22题为词义指代题，该题难度略大，考查学生对语篇整体内容的理解。其他阅读理解题型、难度与往年基本一致。
第二节阅读材料的语篇类型为说明文，共有5个小题，主要考查考生对文章基本结构的理解，对语篇语义的连贯性的把握和对语篇中上下文逻辑关系的理解。该题与2019年试题难度基本一致，变化不明显。
第三部分 英语知识运用
第一节 完形填空
本节短文共约275词，考查考生在理解短文主旨大意和句子间、段落间联系的基础上，准确判断和选择符合特定上下文语义和用法的各类词汇（动词、名词、形容词）或词组。
分析今年的试题，可以看出：20个空全部考查实词，未涉及虚词。而且20个空的答案信息均为基于语篇的前照应设空、后照应设空或语篇照应设空，没有考查语法项目。由此可见，完形填空对于考查考生利用上下文信息答题这方面的要求更高，考生应该养成良好的语篇意识和语篇思维习惯。
第二节 语法填空
语法填空的语篇难度适中。2020年试题未出现对从句引导词考查的题目，其余题目考查点与以往相比，基本一致，无明显变化。
2020年1月浙江英语试卷真题
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
I never knew anyone who’d grown up in Jackson without being afraid of Mrs. Calloway, our librarian. She ran Jackson’s Carnegie Library absolutely by herself. SILENCE in big black letters was on signs hung everywhere. If she thought you were dressed improperly, she sent you straight back home to change your clothes. I was willing; I would do anything to read.
My mother was not afraid of Mrs. Calloway. She wished me to have my own library card to check out books for myself. She took me in to introduce me. “Eudora is nine years old and has my permission to read any book she wants from the shelves, children or adults,” Mother said.
Mrs. Calloway made her own rules about books. You could not take back a book to the library on the same day you’d taken it out; it made no difference to her that you’d read every word in it and needed another to start. You could take out two books at a time and two only. So two by two, I read library books as fast as I could go, rushing them home in the basket of my bicycle. From the minute I reached our house, I started to read. I knew this was extreme happiness, knew it at the time.
My mother shared this feelingof mine. Now, I think of her as reading so much of the time while doing something else. I remember her reading a magazine while taking the part of the Wolf in a game of “Little Red Riding Hood” with my brother’s two daughters. She’d just look up at the right time, long enough to answer — in character — “The better to eat you with, my dear,” and go back to her place in the magazine article.
21. Which of the following best describes Mrs. Calloway?
A. Quiet.
B. Strict.
C. Humorous.
D. Considerate.
22. What do the underlined words “this feeling” refer to in the last paragraph?
A. Desire to read.
B. Love for Mrs. Calloway.
C. Interest in games.
D. Fear of the library rules.
23. Where is the text probably from?
A. A guidebook.
B. An autobiography.
C. A news report.
D. A book review.
【正确答案】BAB
B
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is road testing a new way to keep winter roads ice-free — by spreading on them cheese brine, the salty liquid used to make soft cheeses, like mozzarella.
Wisconsin, also called “America’s Dairyland,” is famous for its cheese. The state produced 2.8 billion pounds of cheese last year! As a result, there was a lot of leftover cheese brine. Disposing of（处置）the brine can be expensive. So what should cheese makers do with the waste?
Normally, towns use rock salt to de-ice streets. The salt lowers water’s freezing point, causing ice to melt（融化）. But using cheese brine could help both cheese producers and cities save money, while keeping roads safe. Cheese brine has salt in it, which, like the rock salt, helps lower water’s freezing point.
In addition to saving money, cheese brine could also be a more eco-friendly option. Many people suspect that all the rock salt used every winter is harming the environment.
Rock salt is made of sodium chloride, the same compound（化合物）in ordinary table salt. Sounds harmless, right? But while you probably add only a small amount of salt to your food, road crews spread about 20 million tons of salt on U. S. roads every year!
The chemical washes off roads and goes into the ground. There it can pollute drinking water, harm plants, and eat away soil. By spreading cheese brine on streets before adding a layer of rock salt, Milwaukee may be able to cut its rock salt use by 30 percent.
Cheese brine has a downside too — a smell similar to that of bad milk. “I don’t really mind it,” Emil Norby told Modern Farmer magazine. He works for one of Wisconsin’s county highway commissions and came up with the idea of using cheese brine. “Our roads smell like Wisconsin!” he said.
24. Why can cheese brine help keep winter roads ice-free?
A. It is soft.
B. It contains salt.
C. It is warm.
D. It has milk in it.
25. What is a benefit of using cheese brine on roads?
A. Improving air quality.
B. Increasing sales of rock salt.
C. Reducing water pollution.
D. Saving the cheese industry.
26. Milwaukee’s new way to de-ice streets may be an example of .
A. barking up the wrong tree
B. putting the cart before the horse
C. robbing Peter to pay Paul
D. killing two birds with one stone
【正确答案】BCD
C
Today’s world is not an easy adjustment for young adults. A key skill set for success is persistence （毅力）, a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.
BYU professors Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after following 325 American families over several years. And over time, the persistence gained through fathers led to higher achievement in school.
“There are relatively few studies that stress the unique role of fathers,” Padilla-Walker said. “This research also helps to prove that characteristics such as persistence — which can be taught — are key to a child’s life success.”
Researchers determined that dads need to practice an “authoritative” parenting style. Authoritative parenting is not authoritarian: rigid, demanding or controlling. Rather, an authoritative parenting style includes some of the following characteristics: children feel warmth and love from their father; responsibility and the reasons behind rules are stressed; children are given an appropriate level of autonomy（自主权）.
In the study, about 52 percent of the dads exhibited above-average levels of authoritative parenting. A key finding is that over time, children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence, which leads to better outcomes in school.
This particular study examined 11 to 14-year-olds living in two-parent homes. Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence, which is an avenue of future research.
27. What is special about the BYU professors’ study?
A. It centered on fathers’ role in parenting.
B. It was based on a number of large families.
C. It analyzed different kinds of parenting styles.
D. It aimed to improve kids’ achievement in school.
28. What would an authoritative father do when raising his children?
A. Ignore their demands.
B. Make decisions for them.
C. Control their behaviors.
D. Explain the rules to them.
29. Which group can be a focus of future studies according to the researchers?
A. Single parents.
B. Children aged from 11 to 14.
C. Authoritarian fathers.
D. Mothers in two-parent homes.
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Three Characteristics of Authoritative Fathers
B. Key Skills for Young Adults to Succeed in Future
C. Children Tend to Learn Determination from Father
D. Family Relationship Influences School Performance
【正确答案】ADAC
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Let’s take a minute to think about the water we use. The human body is 60% water and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy. When we are thirsty we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with clean water.
31 For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.
The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want, but this is not the case for many people around the world. 32 That’s around one in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water, we can catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500,000 children die from diarrhoea（腹泻）from dirty water. That’s around 1400 children every day! Also, in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water. 33 Therefore, they don’t have time to learn how to read or write and don’t get an education.
34 On this day every year, countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world. At one school in the UK, children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres of water. 35 People give them money to do this and all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the world.
A. We use water indirectly too.
B. Every system in our body depends on water to function.
C. It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems.
D. If children walk many hours a day to get water, they can’t go to school.
E. Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink?
F. In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water.
G. In this way, they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles.
【正确答案】AEDFG
该短文结构紧凑，逻辑清晰；语言流畅地道，平实易懂；衔接自然明了，条理分明。这些特点有利于考生依据语义和语篇篇章线索理解文本并复位空缺部分。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
I was born legally blind. Of all the stories of my early childhood, the one about a 36 is my mother’s favorite.
I was only two when the 37 occurred. We had just arrived home from a trip. Mom lifted me out of the car and 38 to speak to the driver. I took advantage of my brief 39 to dash across the lawn（草坪）— and hit a large maple tree! I was running so fast that I bounced off the trunk and 40 on my backside. Mom 41 me to start crying, but I just sat there for a minute. Then I 42 myself up and kept right on going. Mom always 43 here that, as many times as I 44 across the lawn after that, I never again 45 into that tree.
Mom loves to use this story as an 46 . It reminds her that children don’t enter life 47 to take risks or unwilling to 48 again when they fall down. She never wanted me to lose that 49 as I grew older. When I 50 my major life decisions, I was still that little girl tearing full-speed across the lawn. I studied abroad and later moved away from my parents’ home to look for a 51 . Through years of 52 , I have become a respected teacher in a school serving high-need students.
We are almost certain to get 53 at some point during the process of achieving our goal. When that happens, don’t sit in the grass and 54 . Just get up and keep on going. It will all be worth it 55 .
【正确答案】CADCA DBADA BCDBC ABCDB
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Something significant is happening to the world population — it is aging. The median（中位数的）age of an American in 1950 56 (be) 30 — today it is 41 and is expected 57 (increase) to 42 by 2050. For Japan, the 58 (number) are more striking — 22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. In 2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65; by 2050, it will be one in six.
This aging of the population is driven 59 two factors. The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large 60 (compare) to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes 61 (old) than before. This is 62 (particular) true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer. A child born in the US today has 63 very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should 64 (place) on longevity（长寿）. It isn’t just that people are, on average, living longer. It’s also that they are on average healthier 65 more productive for longer. Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be a boost to the economy.
【正确答案】
56. was
57. to increase
58. numbers
59. by
60. compared
61. older
62. particularly
63. a
64. be placed
65. and
本题要求考生在正确理解文章主旨大意的基础上，特别关注文章微观语境中的词语、句子与整个篇章结构之间的联系，考查考生对英语词法、句法和语篇的掌握情况和实际应用能力，重点考查考生对词汇、构词知识和语法规则的掌握情况以及在特定语境中的应用能力。