AP文科复习必备—历史Essay的写作思路是如何搭建的

文科论述题写作对于提升同学们的思辨能力和写作能力，无疑具有非常直接而深远的意义，我们今天来看看，到底一篇文科论述题应该怎样完成写作思路的搭建呢？

我们以AP美国历史论述题写作为例，来一起走进Essay的写作世界吧：

第一步，在细致的审题后，我们先要为自己的Essay搭建符合逻辑并且可以拿分的框架。包括我们需要写什么背景信息，我们的中心论点是什么。接下来，在此论点的基础之上，我们需要联系具体史实，找到至少3条论据来支撑我们的POV。这样的Essay结构，可以增大我们拿到论述题部分的基础分数的可能性（3-4分，满分7分）。

比如，在作答“Evaluate the extent to which new technology fostered change in United States industry from 1865 to 1900.”这一问题时，我们首先要明确自己的背景信息需要写什么，是写1865-1900时代的Gilded Age还是Trust等经济现象？其次自己的POV是什么，是具体写哪一种new technology？再次，支持这种new technology的三个论据分别是什么，需要我们对历史事实有较为熟悉的掌握，才能“引经据典”哦。

第二步，需要对各个环节内容进行细化，主要包括例举论据时的核心方式是什么，是否运用了College Board要求我们掌握的四大思维方式？（comparison,causation,continuity,change over time）

比如，我们在作答“如何评价制宪会议作为美国发展中的turning point？”时，我们在例举论据时即可利用comparison这一思维技能，对Philadelphia Convention前后政治，经济等方面的变化进行对比分析。

同时，需要对自己POV复杂性观点进行充分的认识与找到合理的论据。

比如，我们仍以上述问题为例，在展示我们对问题复杂性认识时，我们可以说虽然Philadelphia Convention确实是turning point，但并非在各个领域都展现出了相同的具有跨时代意义的进步性，比如在黑人问题与女权问题上并没有明显的改善（这就是我们复杂性的需要的论据咯！）

第三步，开始行文表述了，由于考试时间有限，我们需要奋笔疾书哦，这就涉及到了语言结构和词汇选择的问题，我们在今后的“文科复习必备”专题中会继续展开为大家举例说明哦！请大家及时关注我们公众号的最新推送。

最后，给各位备考的考生一个彩蛋，我们将为你发送上述举例问题“Evaluate the extent to which the Constitution as written in 1789 marked a turning point for American political and social life,analyzing what changed and what stayed the same from the period before the Constitution to the period after it.”的参考论述题全文哦！对于大家熟悉论述题写作套路，相信会有极大的帮助！

Evaluate the extent to which the Constitution as written in 1789 marked a turning point for American political and social life,analyzing what changed and what stayed the same from the period before the Constitution to the period after it.

Sample:

The writing of the Constitution in 1789 marked a momentous turning point in American history. During the critical period between the end of the Revolutionary War and the Constitutional Convention, the Articles of Confederation established a firm league among thirteen sovereign states. The Constitution created a new national government based upon the principle that sovereignty rests upon the people not the states.

Although the Constitution did mark a political revolution, it did not initially begin a social revolution.

The Articles of Confederation created a Congress composed of delegates chosen by the state legislatures. The government lacked both executive and judicial branches.Congress had no authority to regulate trade between states or to raise revenue through taxes.

The weaknesses of the national Congress prevented it from dealing effectively with pressing economic problems. Faced with mounting debts, seven states began issuing paper money. For example, Rhode Island declared its paper money legal tender for all debts forcing creditors to flee the state.

The most alarming problem occurred in western Massachusetts. Unable to pay their debts to eastern bankers and merchants, desperate farmers demanded that the state legislature halt farm foreclosures and print paper money. Led by Daniel Shays, farmers closed a courthouse where creditors were suing to foreclose farm mortgages. When the national Congress proved unable to raise a militia to stop Shays, wealthy creditors assembled a privately paid force that crushed the rebellion.Shays’ Rebellion fueled dissatisfaction with the Articles of Confederation.

1787, 55 delegates from twelve states quickly resolved to abandon the Articles and create a new government. During about four months of intense give-and-take negotiations the delegates seized control of America’s destiny. They skillfully resolved contentious issues between large and small states and between Northern and Southern states. Their compromises distinguished the possible from the politically impossible.

The Constitution marked a fateful turning point in American political history. In a bold and unprecedented decision, the Framers transferred sovereignty from the states to the people. The new Constitution provided America with a flexible and enduring form of government that included an amendment process and a division of power among executive,legislative, and judicial branches tied together by a complex system of checks and balances. The Constitution gave Congress the power to levy taxes, declare war, and regulate interstate commerce.

Although the Constitution marked the beginning of momentous political changes, it did not mark the beginning of equally significant social changes. The revolutionary rhetoric about equality and natural rights did not change the status of women, Native Americans or most enslaved Africans. Women did not obtain new political rights as the Framers once again failed to remember the Ladies.Native Americans continued to lose their lands and their autonomy.Enslaved Africans did benefit from new emancipation laws in the North.However, over 90 percent of the slaves lived in the South where conditions did not change.

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